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Peasant Movements: Part II, The Pabna Rebellion

Pabna Rebellion 1873: The Pabna Rebellion took place in 1873 in Serajgunj sub-division of Pabna district in East Bengal (present Bangladesh). This rebellion resulted in the introduction of many Acts to create a new form of land ownership system. During this period in many parts of Bengal, there was a new class of cultivators who were trying to rise up to the position of being big landlords or zamindars. The existing local landlords or zamindars had a problem in this rise of the new cultivator class. The Bengal Rent Act X of 1859 provided legal rights of occupying land to the new class of cultivators. However, since the existing zamindars did not want the new class of cultivators to get any form of legal right to occupy land for cultivation, they tried to lease land (or to give out land in rent) and created many levels of tenants. Tenants refers to the small and medium peasants who take land from the local zamindars for cultivation and they have to pay a fixed rent or tax to the zamindar from whom they have taken the land. This was mainly done to prevent the rise of the new class of cultivators in the rural community. Thus the Bengal Tenancy Act was passed in 1885 which tried to provide legal rights to the new class of cultivators. In this way, the Company tried to bring about fight between different class of people in India. In other words, in this way they were successful to make one Indian peasant to fight against another Indian peasant. The farming community, including the zamindars and the peasants were fighting amongst themselves as a result of this form of class division and such legal rights. This led to the rise of rebellion against the zamindars and cultivators who took his land to cultivate and the new class of cultivators.

Zamindars+ his tenants (peasants who have taken his land to cultivate) fought against the --------------- The class of rising cultivators

The peasant uprising as a result of these two legislations was not very violent in nature. There were some more uprisings which took place for same reason in Myemensingh in 1882-84, in Faridpore in the year 1874, in Backerganj in 1873 and in Bograh in 1879. These uprisings were not largescale uprisings. But the East India Company was successful with the help of such legislations to bring about class division in social structure of the country. As a result of this inequality the Indian economy fell weak and its weak points were known to the East India Company. Some of the later peasant movements took place against the caste and class inequality which got intensified with the Land revenue system under the British Rule. 

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